Keyword: Lymphoma

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Under conditions of limited availability of immunohistochemical antibodies, the key challenge is the rational use of a minimal panel that allows confirmation of the lymphoid nature of the tumor, determination of B- or T-cell lineage, and selection of the further direction of investigation.
Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of a stepwise diagnostic algorithm for B-cell lymphomas using a limited antibody panel.
Materials and Methods; A retrospective analysis of 139 cases of lymphoproliferative diseases was conducted. At the first stage, CD45, CD20, CD3, PanCK, and Ki-67 were used. CD45 was used to confirm the lymphoid nature of the process, PanCK to exclude epithelial tumors, CD20 and CD3 to determine B- or T-cell lineage, and Ki-67 to assess proliferative activity. Additional antibodies were ordered based on morphological and immunophenotypic indications, taking into account their actual availability.
Results: A B-cell phenotype was established in 100 of 139 cases (71.9%), Hodgkin lymphoma in 35 (25.2%), and T-cell lymphomas in 4 (2.9%). Among the 100 B-cell lymphomas, in 32 cases (32.0%), the diagnosis was formulated at the level of B-cell lymphoma without precise nosological subclassification. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma/large B-cell lymphoma was diagnosed in 36 cases (36.0%), follicular lymphoma in 10 (10.0%), small/middle B-cell lymphomas, including SLL/CLL, in 9 (9.0%), marginal zone lymphomas/MALT-type in 7 (7.0%), Burkitt lymphoma/highly aggressive B-cell lymphoma in 4 (4.0%), and mantle cell lymphoma in 2 (2.0%). The high proportion of diagnoses without complete subclassification reflects the limited availability of additional markers, whereas the basic panel allowed lineage determination and identification of the need for a second diagnostic stage.
Conclusion: The CD45/CD20/CD3/PanCK/Ki-67 panel is a practical first step in the diagnosis of lymphoproliferative diseases under resource-constrained conditions. Expansion of the panel should be performed in a targeted manner, based on morphology and the results of the first stage. In the absence of the necessary antibodies, establishing the B- or T-cell phenotype is a justifiable level of diagnostic conclusion and allows avoidance of unjustified nosological verification.

ABSTRACT: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare subtype of extranodal lymphomas with an aggressive clinical course. Currently, there are no systematic data available in the Russian Federation regarding treatment outcomes and prognosis in patients with PCNSL.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with PCNSL, the current first-line therapeutic landscape, and treatment outcomes in real-world clinical practice.

ABSTRACT: Richter's syndrome (RS) is a malignant transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) into a more aggressive lymphoid neoplasm. Typically, this term refers to the development of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), which accounts for 90-95% of transformations. Much more rarely (in less than 5% of cases), the so-called Hodgkin’s variant of Richter’s syndrome occurs—transformation into classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). [1] The Hodgkin’s variant is characterized by the appearance of Reed-Sternberg cells or their variants in the infiltrate, surrounded by an inflammatory background typical of HL. It most often develops in patients with a long history of CLL/SLL, sometimes in the context of immunosuppression or after treatment with purine analogs and monoclonal antibodies. [2] The clinical picture of the Hodgkin’s variant of Richter’s syndrome typically includes pronounced B-symptoms (fever, night sweats, weight loss), rapidly progressing enlargement of lymph nodes and/or splenomegaly. Unlike the DLBCL variant, the course may be somewhat less aggressive; however, the prognosis remains unfavorable compared to primary Hodgkin’s lymphoma. [3]

ABSTRACT: Summary: The article presents the results of evaluating the diagnostic efficiency of ultrasound (US) in determining the extent of pathological processes in lymphoma patients. The study included 48 patients with Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma who were hospitalized at the National Scientific Oncology Center from 2021 to 2024. All participants underwent comprehensive ultrasound of the abdominal parenchymal organs and lymph nodes using B-mode and Doppler imaging. The obtained data indicate high sensitivity and specificity of US in detecting liver, spleen, and abdominal lymph node involvement. Characteristic echographic signs of lymphatic conglomerates and associated complications such as ascites and exudative pleuritis were noted. Given the availability and safety of the method, US can be considered a key tool for primary diagnosis and lymphoma monitoring in clinical practice.
The purpose of the study: To evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of ultrasound (US) in assessing the extent of the disease in lymphoma.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of 48 medical records of patients with confirmed diagnoses of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin’s malignant lymphoma (NHL) who were treated at the National Scientific Oncology Center between 2021 and 2024. All patients underwent comprehensive abdominal ultrasound, pleural ultrasound, and lymph node imaging with Doppler.
Results: Pathological changes in lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and pleura were detected in all patients. In 60% of cases, the lymph node conglomerates appeared echonegative, while 5% showed signs of aggressive progression (undefined capsules, liquefaction). Typical echographic signs of diffuse and focal organ changes were observed.