Keyword: Nuclear Medicine

ABSTRACT: Artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly integrated into radiology and nuclear medicine, particularly in oncology, where imaging plays a central role in diagnosis, staging, treatment planning, and response assessment. To date, evaluation of AI-enabled radiology has been dominated by diagnostic accuracy metrics derived from retrospective validation studies. While such measures are essential for technical assessment, they provide limited insight into real-world clinical value. High algorithmic performance does not necessarily translate into improved decision-making, workflow efficiency, patient outcomes, or health system performance. This narrative review critically examines AI-enabled radiology as a digital health intervention in oncology and nuclear medicine, emphasizing the need to move beyond accuracy-centric evaluation paradigms. We analyze the translational gap between controlled validation and routine clinical deployment, highlighting challenges related to dataset bias, generalizability, and human–AI interaction. Key domains of real-world impact are explored, including clinical decision-making, multidisciplinary integration, workflow and operational performance, patient-centered outcomes, and system-level implications. Methodological considerations for outcome-focused evaluation are discussed, alongside regulatory, ethical, and governance frameworks necessary for responsible implementation. We propose a clinical-impact–centered evaluation framework that links AI-assisted imaging to patient, clinician, and system-level outcomes within a continuous monitoring model. Reframing AI-enabled radiology as a clinical intervention rather than a standalone algorithm is essential for ensuring meaningful, equitable, and sustainable adoption in oncology and nuclear medicine practice.

ABSTRACT: This inaugural editorial introduces the new journal, "Oncology, Nuclear Medicine and Transplantology," launched by the National Research Oncology Center (NROC) in Kazakhstan. It outlines the journal's mission to serve as a pivotal interdisciplinary platform integrating these three rapidly evolving and interconnected fields. The editorial emphasizes the journal's commitment to addressing significant healthcare challenges at the national level in Kazakhstan, stimulating regional collaboration across Central Asia, and contributing to the global scientific discourse. The goal is to foster the exchange of original research, clinical experiences, and innovative practices to ultimately improve patient care and advance medical science in these critical specialties.